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The Is The Moral Aspects Of Society And Risk Taking

The uniquely American attributes as seen in the novel The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger are the moral aspects of society and risk taking . The author’s use of theme and characterization are a clear and accurate testimony to this. Some general American traits include not waiting to be introduced, but beginning able to speak to strangers as they stand in a queue ( â€Å"American Society and Culture† ). In general, Americans like personal space and have a strong believe of freedom of choice (â€Å"101 characteristics of Americans†). A famous journalist named Joseph Pulitzer coined the idea of exceptionalism in America. Pulitzer, who was not born in America, came to the United States for work and eventually took the risk of going to the army. He came from nothing and built his own empire in the United States, making millions before he died (â€Å"Joseph Pulitzer Wiki bio†) . Pulitzer was not a native born American and his fourth language was English. When he came to the United States he assimilated in the culture and experienced the â€Å"American Dream†. He is a perfect example that anything is possible (â€Å"Joseph Pulitzer biography† ). The novel The Catcher in the Rye was written in the 1950s. The author of the book, J.D. Salinger, served for his country in WWII from 1942-1944. Even after Salinger flunked out of school many times, he kept trying again and again. Salinger is an influential 20th century writer. After the publication of his book, The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger movedShow MoreRelatedPersonal Motives For Corporate Social Responsibility933 Words   |  4 Pagesdirectors to take responsibility for the labor, environmental and social aspects in business. It distinguishes the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by conducting a survey consisting of a sample of 473 executives. 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With directed genetic change or selection targeted at producingRead MoreBinge Drinking Among College Students And Its Implications On The Society1462 Words   |  6 PagesBinge Drinking among College Students and Its Implications on the Society Binge drinking is a term used to describe a situation where women drink more than 4 bottles of alcohol in a row and men drink 5 or more bottles of alcohol in a row. It is taking too much alcohol in a short period. Alcohol is a substance that gradually produces an addiction in the body. Many college students use alcohol in recreational activities and parties. The alcohol gradually leads to addiction and causes a decline in theirRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Of Islamic Banks1563 Words   |  7 Pages Islamic banks need to deal conclusively with the array of challenges facing their Shari’ah corporate governance endeavors so as to meet their objectives in a more effective manner. 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Morality?1113 Words   |  5 Pagesexactly is murder? What does Moral mean? Can morality be based on other standard than the belief in God? With that, can individuals with conflicting religious beliefs resolve a dispute over what morality is? In my assessment I will argue that morality has no specific meaning other than that it is the cultural standard or custom as applied to individual behavior over time. These new questions develop a new route of understanding by first examining into what a moral is. â€Å"A moral is defined as a societalRead MoreMorality Vs. Morality : Morality And Morality1729 Words   |  7 Pagesrelated†¦ to morality† . The idea of law is not that it must be moral but that it provides a system to allow people to live together peacefully in a society. However, as much as it is debated, it is apparent that in order for human civilisation to work laws must generally be moral. Natural law is a theory that emphasises the role of morality in the law. 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Communication Improve Business Performance â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Social Electronic Commerce In Australian Restaurant Sectors? What Are The Factors Of Using Social Media Marketing In Australian Restaurant Sectors? What Are The Possible Recommendations To Improve The Application Of Social Electronic Commerce In Australian Restaurants? Answers: Introduction Social electronic commerce includes the use of social media and online media to promote a business in context of different industries. E-commerce transaction is the vital way of using social electronic commerce. In the year 2005, Yahoo introduced this term that is the social commerce. However, a range of online collaborative shopping tools is involved in the social economics commerce to promote a business via online (Turban et al.. 2017). Australian restaurants use social electronic commerce to meet their business objectives. Application of the social electronic commerce gives the customers a platform to express their viewpoints regarding the service of an organization on the company website. This will help the Australian restaurant sectors to develop their strategy based on the customer feedback. This assignment deals with the opportunities and problems of social media electronic in context of Australian restaurant sectors. However, both positive and negative impacts of social elect ronic commerce will be discussed in this section. Project Objectives The aim of this current project is to reveal the opportunities and threats regarding the application of social electronic commerce in context of Australian restaurant sectors. However, in the recent years, Australian restaurants use the E-commerce to meet the demand of the growing population. In order to develop their marketing campaign social electronic commerce is a unique way in the modern era (Hajli et al., 2017). In this current study, the previous articles regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the social media e-commerce have been analyzed to shed light over the popularity of e-commerce Australian restaurant sectors. A critical evaluation of the various aspects of social electronic commerce has been analyzed in the current study. Analysis of the literature review has been done in this section, which gives the possible recommendations based on the issues of application of social electronic commerce in Australian restaurant sectors. However, by increasing the awareness among the restaurant sectors the misleading of the information via social electronic commerce can be mitigated. This will improve the brand image as well as the business promotion strategy of Australian restaurant sectors. To identify the advantages of the application of social electronic commerce in context of Australian restaurant sectors To identify the issues regarding the application of social electronic commerce in context of Australian restaurant sector To recommend possible ways in order to improve strategies of social electronic commerce to prevent the misleading of information Scope of the Project Application of the social media marketing or online marketing is considered as the modern way of the promotional campaign in the Australian restaurant sectors (Kasemsap, 2017). Use of the social media marketing has been increasing with the enhancement of the digitization as the organizations try to make a connection with the large population to establish their communication process. Such emergence of online marketing gives scope to the restaurant sectors to develop their marketing strategy and to expand their market share in a new market segment. New restaurants in Australia use the digital marketing and exhibit new recipe and their service through social media marketing. As a result, the audience is able to give their feedback regarding the service and products as well a new ideas to the restaurant sectors This present study gives a brief overview of the impact of social media marketing on the restaurant sector in Australia. However, the negative aspects of the social media marketing are also described in this study besides its positive aspects. As a result, the restaurant sectors get an idea of the negative impact of social electronic commerce. Based on the drawbacks of social media marketing the restaurant sectors are able to develop the new strategy to improve the application digital marketing (Qiang et al., 2017). On the other hand, the scope the current project also highlights the opportunities that can be received by the Australian restaurant sectors through the application of social media marketing. Therefore, the literature review includes articles that are published after 2012 and include current information on the selected topic. Literature review Social electronic commerce is an online business practice that enables the users to improve their experience regarding the online shopping via different social media. However, electronic commerce gives a platform to the users to review the products and to search a variety of products via online. According to Ayob, Wilson-Evered McGrath, (2017), there is a difference between the social commerce and the social shopping as social commerce refers to the assimilation of the online vendors while social shopping refers to a virtual group that is developed by the online shoppers. Every organization needs a clear idea about the use of social media marketing and its impact on the business. As commented by Kim et al., (2017), Facebook and Twitter are the popular examples of social media used by the maximum business sectors. However, the business opportunities reach to the restaurant owners by the application of such media, as a result, they are able to develop the new business tool to enhance their online marketing. However, any business can communicate with their customers via social electronic commerce and get details of their profitability regarding their products. According to the survey report, it has been found approx 54% of the young generation has an intention to take a snap of their food while eating in any food sector (Chung et al., 2017). Therefore, it is very common in the people to post the picture of food products that they have eaten any restaurant on their social media along with reviews. However, this is a big part of the Australian culture based on which the use of social media marketing has been increasing rapidly. Such popularity of the social media in Australia enables the food and restaurant sectors to use this as a marketing tool to promote their business. Social capital is an important element of social electronic commerce, which is a network of the individuals those are active users of social media. People share pictures along with the reviews regarding the quality of food that is tasted by them in any restaurant. This helps other to enhance their awareness about the service of such food sectors and an interest grows within them for such restaurant sectors. However, this increases the popularity of the Australian restaurant. According to Qiang et al., (2017), Integra is one of the popular social media used in Australia and advertisement of the Australian restaurants is very common in this media. As per the statistical data the accounting restaurants, those are active on the social media sites have increased their sales by 20% in comparison to those restaurants, which are not active in the social media marketing. According to the survey, the Australian restaurants those do not use the social media marketing have decreased their sale by 10% and have started to use the social media marketing. However, statistical data reveals that 71% of the Australian consumers prefer to take information via social media and give their feedback regarding the service (Kasemsap, 2017). Maximum brands of the hospitality sectors are using the social media marketing in Australia. On the other hand, the employees of the hospitality sectors also prefer the application of social media in the business sectors to promote the business. As stated by Rahimi et al., (2017), social electronic commerce has a major role to improve to develop the business and to attract the guests in the restaurant sectors. In order to improve the brand value of a business social electronic commerce plays an important role in Australian hospitality sectors. Application of the social media marketing leaves a positive impact on the customer's mind and the marketing strategy becomes enriched with its application. Market researcher and the strategy makers reveal that Australian restaurant sector can reduce their operation cost by investing in the social media application. However, the social media cuts the advertisement cost of product promotion. In the traditional marketing the promotional campaign i s costly rather than social electronic commerce and its also time-consuming. According to Horsk et al., (2017), the success of social media application is based on the policies that are taken by the restaurants to use social media marketing. Application Zomato, which is a food-based social media app present in the mobile, is beneficial for the Australian food sectors. However, through this app, the restaurants are able to give detail information in their menu along with their product price. Hence, the consumers get detail information and become interested to purchase food products. As argued by Raghavan, Desai Rajkumar (2017), there are some barriers besides the opportunities for social electronic commerce in the business sectors. However, it is difficult for the restaurants to communicate with the people who are not habituated with the digital application. Therefore, the privacy of the information is a major issue of social media marketing as information regarding the organization may be damaged through the electronic commerce. Therefore, personal information of the users may be disclosed by the use of social media application. Misleading of the information is another negative aspect of social electronic commerce. On the other hand, an impulsive behavior of the consumers develops through the application of social media marketing in Australian sectors that often compel the customers to buy unhygienic food products from the food sectors. Apart from these network related issue also affects the flow of the social media marketing in the context of Australian resta urant (Tan et al., 2017). Literature problem The entire literature review reveals both the positive and negative impact of the social electronic commerce in Australian restaurant sectors. However, there is little account of the factors of social media marketing in restaurant sectors. In a literature review, critical evaluation is necessary (Wang, Pauleen Zhang, 2016). In this current literature review section, proper critical evaluation is required based on the impact of social electronic commerce in Australian restaurant sectors. Gaps opportunities This current literature review highlights on the advantages and disadvantages of the social electronic commerce in context of Australian restaurant sector. However, some major barriers to application of social media marketing in hospitality sectors are also discussed in this section. Hence, the gap of the literature is there is no suggestion about the improvement of social media marketing in business context. Based on this gap the further research can be carried out, which brings a new opportunity for the future researcher over this topic. The social electronic commerce is effective for the Australian restaurant sectors to improve their business performance. The social electronic commerce is less effective to maximize the business performance of the Australian restaurant sectors. Design and methodology of the current research The qualitative method focuses on the interview process. However, the reliability and the validity are the prime areas of the qualitative method as the collected information should be confidential (Abed, Dwivedi Williams, 2015). Probability sampling technique is selected in this method. Therefore, 3 managers from different restaurants of Australia are selected for the interview and considered as the sample size. Data has been collected by conducting the interview of concerned persons through the qualitative method. In this methodology, threat and opportunities of social electronic commerce are the independent variables. On the other hand, the effect of social electronic commerce on Australian restaurants is the dependent variable. Quantitative method Positivism philosophy, deductive approach, and descriptive design are selected in the quantitative method. The descriptive design focuses on the analysis of existing theories and concept (Turban, Strauss Lai, 2016). Questionnaires are considered as the research instrument in the quantitative method. Probability sampling process has been taken and 25 employees of two different Australian restaurants are considered as the sample size. The quantitative method includes survey as the data collection method. The collected data has been represented through using tables, graphs, and charts. In order to measure the validity and reliability, the bias should be discarded and diplomatic feedbacks from the participants are excluded. Limitations of the research Many limitations have occurred while conducting a research. However, the short time frame is a major barrier to this research. The researcher was not able to gather the information properly due to lack of time. On the other hand, due to lack of financial support the researcher was not able to access the paid journals. Therefore, some journals were not valid these are excluded. On the other hand, some articles are not currently published as a result these are discarded while collecting information. Apart from this, some journals provide irrelevant information that is not reliable, which is a big limitation of the current study. Conclusion The above piece of work reveals the opportunities and threats of the social electronic commerce in the context of restaurant sectors in Australia. However, it has been found that the social media marketing is a modern technology that enables the Australian restaurant sectors to improve their promotional practice and to meet the current need of the target market. Application of different apps is an effective approach for the business owners to communicate with their customers and provide product details to them. However, there are some drawbacks of the social media marketing besides its advantages. One of the most important is the breach of confidentiality of the personal as well as the organizational information. Therefore, network issue is another issue that hampers the continuity of the social electronic commerce. References Abed, S. S., Dwivedi, Y. K., Williams, M. D. (2015). Social media as a bridge to e-commerce adoption in SMEs: A systematic literature review.The Marketing Review,15(1), 39-57. Ayob, F., Wilson-Evered, E., McGrath, M. (2017). An empirical study of the web presence model to evaluate the web features of Small-and-Medium-Sized Hotels (SMHs) in the Malaysian hotel industry.CAUTHE 2017: Time For Big Ideas? Re-thinking The Field For Tomorrow, 205. Chung, A. Q., Andreev, P., Benyoucef, M., Duane, A., OReilly, P. (2017). Managing an organisations social media presence: An empirical stages of growth model.International Journal of Information Management,37(1), 1405-1417. Hajli, N., Sims, J., Zadeh, A. H., Richard, M. O. (2017). A social commerce investigation of the role of trust in a social networking site on purchase intentions.Journal of Business Research,71, 133-141. Horsk, E., Paluchov, J., imon?i?, P., Ber?k, J. (2017). Consumer food related applications: food retail sector and services. InAugmented reality for food marketers and consumers(pp. 1-19). Wageningen Academic Publishers. Kasemsap, K. (2017). Professional and business applications of social media platforms. InAnalyzing the strategic role of social networking in firm growth and productivity(pp. 427-450). IGI Global. Kim, S. E., Lee, K. Y., Shin, S. I., Yang, S. B. (2017). Effects of tourism information quality in social media on destination image formation: The case of Sina Weibo.Information Management. Qiang, Y. E., Wu, P. J., Alam, S. L., Campbell, J. (2017). PAJAIS special issue on Social Media and Social Commerce.Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems,8(4). Raghavan, K., Desai, M. S., Rajkumar, P. V. (2017). Managing Cybersecurity and e-Commerce Risks in Small Businesses. Rahimi, R., Rahimi, R., Kseoglu, M. A., Kseoglu, M. A., Ersoy, A. B., Ersoy, A. B., ... Okumus, F. (2017). Customer relationship management research in tourism and hospitality: a state-of-the-art.Tourism Review,72(2), 209-220. Tan, G. W. H., Tan, G. W. H., Lee, V. H., Lee, V. H., Lin, B., Lin, B., ... Ooi, K. B. (2017). Mobile applications in tourism: the future of the tourism industry?.Industrial Management Data Systems,117(3), 560-581. Turban, E., Strauss, J., Lai, L. (2016). Social Customer Service and CRM. InSocial Commerce(pp. 155-178). Springer International Publishing. Turban, E., Whiteside, J., King, D., Outland, J. (2017). Business-to-Business E-Commerce. InIntroduction to operations Commerce and Social Commerce(pp. 101-135). Springer International Publishing. Wang, W. Y., Pauleen, D. J., Zhang, T. (2016). How social media applications affect B2B communication and improve business performance in SMEs.Industrial Marketing Management,54, 4-14.

The Question over Medical Marijuana Essay Example For Students

The Question over Medical Marijuana Essay The Question over MedicalIn Nov. 1996 the people of the State of California approved proposition 215, the initiative that could make marijuana legally available as a medicine in the U.S. for the first time in 60 years. Under this initiative the government will not prosecute patients or their caregivers who possess cultivate marijuana for medical treatment. The medical recommendation may be either written or oral and doctors cannot be penalized by the state of Arizona at the same time. However at this time it is still illegal to posses, administer, sell or use marijuana in any of the other 48 states across the U.S. Why havent the rest of the country followed the lead of these two states? What this paper attempts to do is provide a proving argument that it is immoral to deny seriously ill patients the right to use marijuana for medical purposes, and that the current misperceptions about marijuana have been grossly overstated. Basically Im going to prove the marijuana has been given a bum rap. Currently there is question as to whither there is a valid use for marijuana for medicinal use. This question has been the spark for much controversy. There is no evidence to prove marijuanas use in chemotherapy. There are numerous alternative drugs that obviate the need to even pursue research on the subject. Our course scientific research would give use a different opinion than the one above that current President Bill Clinton has stated above. Marijuanas therapeutic uses are well documented in the modern scientific literature. Using either smoked marijuana or oral preparations of delta-9-THC (marijuanas main active ingredient), researchers have conducted controlled studies. These studies demonstrate marijuanas usefulness in reducing nausea and vomiting, stimulating appetite, promoting weight gain, and diminishing intraocular pressure from glaucoma. There is also evidence that smoked marijuana and/or THC reduce muscle spasticity form spinal chord injuries and multiple sclerosis, and diminish tremors in multiple sclerosis patients. Other therapeutic uses for marijuana have not been widely studied. However, patients and physicians have reported that smoked marijuana have not been widely studied. However patients and physicians have reported that smoked marijuana provides relief from migraine headaches, depression, seizures, insomnia, convulsion, and chronic pain. In the U. S., using marijuana for medical purposes is illegal because federal law includes marijuana in schedule I, a category for drugs deemed unsafe, highly suspect to abuse and possessing no medicinal value. In 1996, voters in California and Arizona went to the polls and in sweeping victories, told Washington that federal drug policies at least as they applied to sick people were wrong. Voting on proposition 215, Californians approved the medical use of Marijuana by a 65 to 35 margin. In Arizona a solid majority (65%) voted to give the doctors the right to prescribe a range of drugs, including marijuana, heroin, and LSD. However, federal law prevents states from making marijuana supplies legally available. In effect thousands of Americans use marijuana as a medicine illegally, putting themselves at risk of arrest and prosecution. Unfortunately other who might benefit from marijuana are deterred by its illegality. Since 1986, synthetic THC (Marinol) has been available as a Schedule II drug, which allows physicians to prescribe it under highly regulated conditions. It is only recently in July of 1999 that Marinol was moved from Schedule II to a Schedule III drug. The change makes it much easier for doctors to distribute the drug and keeps the DEA from looking over their shoulder each time they write a prescription. Marinol is labeled as officially as an anti-nauseate and an appetite stimulant, but doctors can and do prescribe it for other conditions such as depression and muscle spasticity. .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01 , .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01 .postImageUrl , .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01 , .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01:hover , .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01:visited , .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01:active { border:0!important; } .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01:active , .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01 .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6fe491e4913a228adb8ec7a637f66b01:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Congressmen And Their Influences Essay Even though THC delivered orally by Marinol is available, many patients find that smoked marijuana is more effective. For people suffering from nausea and vomiting, who are unable to swallow and hold down a pill, smoking marijuana has the additional advantage of delivering THC. For nauseated patients, smoking marijuana has the additional advantage of delivering THC quickly, providing relief in a few minutes, compared to an hour or more when THC is swallowed. Smoking marijuana not only delivers THC to .

An Inspector Calls Eric Essay Essay Example

An Inspector Calls Eric Essay Paper ‘An Inspector Calls’ is a play about and inspector that teaches the Birling’s and Gerald Croft that the way they treat other people just because they are a lower class than them is not right. This play was written by J. B. Priestley. The play is set in a 1912 dinning room. Priestley does this to show the differences between capitalist and socialist, conservative and labour. Priestley was trying to show his 1945 audience how things had changed since 1912 and also how some things still need to change. The head of the Birling household is Mr Birling. He is a pompous, self-employed, arrogant man that says he is going to get a knighthood. Also he follows the capitalist idea very strongly and even wants his own son Eric to pay money back. You can see his capitalist ideas when he says â€Å"these people will soon be asking for the earth† this shows he doesn’t like the working class asking for anything because if they get what they want they would become more like him and other middle classes. An Inspector Calls Eric Essay Sample We will write a custom essay sample on An Inspector Calls Eric Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on An Inspector Calls Eric Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on An Inspector Calls Eric Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Mr Birling started off the chain of events that leads to Eva Smith’s death in September 1910 when he fired her from the Birling factory because she went on strike to get more money. This shows him to be a capitalist, another thing that show him to be this is when he says â€Å"a man needs to look after himself† and â€Å"as if we were mixed up together†¦ community and all that nonsense† this shows he follows the old ways of classes and thinks people should know ere they belong. Compare and contrast Sheila and Eric with Mr Mrs Birling Compare and contrast Sheila and Eric with Mr Mrs Birling Compare and contrast Sheila and Eric with Mr Mrs Birling When the Inspector questions him he reacts like the Inspector is doing something disgraceful and stays in denial â€Å"yes, well, we needn’t go into all that† and â€Å"still, I cant accept any responsibility† show his denial to the suicide and â€Å"I don’t like that tone† and â€Å"a quite unnecessary question† shows his feeling towards the inspector and in the fact the inspector is a lower class than him. Mr Birling’s daughter, Sheila is a childish, playful and immature person at the start of the play, but towards the end of the play she matures, becomes more serious and takes responsibility for her own actions â€Å"so I’m really responsible† this shows how different she is from Mr Birling in the fact she treats people more like a society. When Sheila finds out about Eva Smiths death and sees the photo she runs off because she thought â€Å"it was all my fault† this shows she cares about lower classes unlike Mr Birling who doesn’t care about lower class’s well being. Sheila contributes to Eva Smiths death by getting Eva fired from Milwards in 1911. she did this because when Sheila tried on a dress she liked, it looked terrible on her, Eva then held the dress up against herself and it looked good on her and this made her give off a little laugh which makes Sheila very angry so she spoke to the manager and got her fired â€Å"I had her turned out of a job† this shows she was like her father before the inspector came. Her reaction to being questioned by the inspector is that she is scared. Also it made her feel upset, distraught, sympathetic and even makes her feel responsible. This is shown in the stage directions â€Å"miserable† and â€Å"distressed†. This just shows how much she changes from the inspectors visit. At the beginning of the play Mrs Birling is described as an upper class snob that believes herself to be better than everyone else. Mrs Birling, the wife of Mr Birling is also a capitalist and a strong believer in the different classes. Mrs Birling’s reactions to the inspectors show is that she was defensive â€Å"and if I was, what business is it of yours? this shows she doesn’t like the inspector questioning her as he is a lower class than her. She was also rude â€Å"girls of that class.. † showing she is snobby and just like Mr Birling. Unlike Sheila she doesn’t take responsibility for Eva’s death â€Å"I don’t think we need to discuss it† this helps to show us the differences between the younger and older generation of the family. Mrs Birling is the chairman of the women’s committee and this is how she plays a part of Eva Smiths death. Eva who was pretending her name was Daisy go to the committee to try and get some money as she was pregnant, but she said her name was Mrs Birling and this annoyed the real Mrs Birling and used her power to have her request denied. Eric just like his sister accepts responsibility for his part in Eva Smiths death showing again that the younger generation is learning more than the older. Eric’s involvement in Eva’s death starts with how much he drinks, he is described as â€Å"squiffy† showing he drinks a lot and is an alcoholic. While on one of his night drinking he meets Eva and gets her pregnant. This links to how Mrs Birling is involved. This helps Mrs b realise what’s going on around her as she normally ignores it â€Å"but I didn’t know it was you – I never dreamt† this shows how much the children are ignored and get up to things they shouldn’t. Eric also tried to give Eva some stolen money but she wouldn’t accept it as it was stolen. Eric shows his socialist values when he finds out Eva was pregnant with his child and now they were both dead, he starts to take responsibility for what he has done. He also blames his parents for her death â€Å"you killed them both – damn you, damn you† speaking to Mrs B and condemning her as she denied helping Eva and his child. In the inspector’s final speech, he says â€Å"there are millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths† this is the inspector way of saying there are a lot of working class people and they have feelings too. He also says â€Å"we are responsible for each other† showing his support for socialism, this is when people look after each other as we are all the same, and how he doesn’t follow the class system. Inspector Goole appears to have a power to predict the future â€Å"they will learn it in fire and blood and anguish† showing the inspector knowing that world war one was going to happen and saying the complete opposite of what Mr Birling said earlier on in the play before the inspector came in. At the end of the play, Sheila and Eric have changed the most, they became more socialist and believe that people are important and we should be all treated the same weather were rich or poor. They feel that they are just like Eva Smith as she is young as well and the only difference is she had less money and the way they were brought up. This shows us that the younger generation are learning and that the future is going to change. Mr and Mrs Birling haven’t changed as they are to selfish and stubborn in there ways to change what they think is right. All they think about is money and even make sure there kids pay back all there money, like when Mr Birling says Eric has to pay every penny of the fifty pound he stole from his office. Because of the capitalist ways of thinking they believe they control the working class. People now can learn from this because we still have some capitalist ways today where in some places men get paid more than women and how we still need to respect each other, still need to put people first and that people are more important than money. People need to be treated fairly and equally to make sure we live in harmony. J. B. Priestley wrote this play to try and get rid of the class system as he thought it was wrong and to try and get people to vote labour as they believe in socialism and treating people equally if they have more money or not.

respraying a car essays

respraying a car essays In order to do a proper job you must first look over the whole car top to bottom and either write a list of all the dent and rust spots or take photos. If some panels need replacement write down what it is and the year and make of your car, weather it is a sedan or station wagon or ute e.t.c. Once you have found all work that has to be done you need to write a list of the estimated amount of body filler, sand paper and primer is needed. Once all this preliminary work is done you can start work on your car. It is best to start from the roof down. This is because of over spray, which is annoying and harder to work with in later stages. You sand, remove any rust and dents using body filler and then primer the whole area which will also fill any shallow scratches. You then move on to the boot and bonnet. If you have bought a new panel, work on it before applying it to the car. This is an added bonus because you can have the bonnet or boot on any angle or height to work on, its much more user friendly. You should, if you want a good finish, be doing all this in an enclosed area. Any outdoor area will not be good enough. You also should have good fluorescent lighting so you can see everything. You then move on to the doors, which again if are replaced, work on them before applying them. You have to mask up the windows with masking tape and paper so they do not get any over spray on them Once your car is prepared for painting there is no rush. You can leave your car at this state if you cant find time spray it. But if you can you first have to sand the primer just a little to smooth it out. Then you either hire out a spray booth or find somewhere that has no airflow and a good dust extraction system. You need an air compressor and a heavy-duty spray gun, you also need your choice of paint that amounts to about 4 litres, you also need clear coat lacquer, which is about 5 litres, and thinners that is about 20 litres. Once you have ...

Proposal Marketing Plan for Brightware Corporation Research

Marketing Plan for Brightware Corporation - Research Proposal Example In response to this dire situation, I present you and the team the following proposal for returning the company to its former exemplary position. With all humility, I would like to place before your good self my credentials in taking up this study. After completing my Bachelors in commerce, I pursued my Master's degree in Business Administrative (with Specialization in Marketing). I have about 15 years of experience in marketing industry. I joined Brightware Corporation about 10 years ago as a Marketing Manager and became Vice President of the Sales and Marketing, 3 years back. I am proud to be associated with the Company and be a part of its excellent workforce. The year 2005 had been the most profitable year in the history of Brightware Corporation with revenues touching 200 million dollars. However, in the year 2006 the Company witnessed a sudden dip in profits, with sales registering a negative growth by about 6%. To discover the reason for the current poor performance, as vice president of Sales & Marketing I called up the Advertising and Marketing research director Mr. Mark Quinn and National Sales Manager Mr. Kenneth Graham to a meeting to discuss about the sharp drop in annual sales. The unanimous view among all the participants of the meeting about the reasons for the current poor performance is as follows: 1.) Not enough attention is being paid towards countering the marketing communication machinery of the competitors: Today we are living in a world where media has started playing a very strong role in affecting the lifestyles of the consumers. Marketing communication, road shows and advertisement campaigns play a crucial role in carrying the brand closer to the consumer. The recent hype created around some brands coupled with attractive invitational prices of the products has taken away an appreciable share of our market. However, we failed to fathom the effect of the ad campaigns of our competitors and counter it. The marketing and sales department made repeated requests to the top management for more funds to counter the ad campaign of our competitors, but the top management did not yield to that request. The top management was of the opinion that on the basis of our more than a decade old association with the customers, we do not require to match the competitors on such campaign. This smugness resulted in sliding of our market share. The competitors on the other hand continued their all out efforts to woo the customer by unleashing marketing and advertisement campaigns on Television, Radio, Newspapers, Internet, road shows and direct marketing. Our main competitor World Kitchen has a prominent e-commerce website (http://www.worldkitchen.com), which is used to promote and sell its kitchenware products online. On the other hand we have virtually no presence in the Internet and we are not leveraging the most powerful media of the 21st century the Internet. 2.) Murmurs of disenchantment amongst the workforce: As a consequence of a dip is sales and less number of consignments being picked up, the production department was asked to go slow and retrench 140 of its workers, which in turn resulted in lowering of the morale amongst the worker community. The Company could not plan

Module 4 SLP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Module 4 SLP - Assignment Example In order to have a successful marketing campaign, there is a need for effective and efficient distribution mechanisms for the company’s products as they are taken to destinations where consumers can access and purchase them (Perner n.d.). However, prior to rolling out of these services there is the need for an issue analysis to establish the patterns and approaches that will be needed for the success of this aspect. The SWOT analysis and primary research was helpful in identifying key issues that would give the company a cutting edge in the marketing and overall position in the market. Some of the issues included strengthening human capital through internal trainings and exposure to various modern approaches in product design, development and marketing. In all business and organizational practices, human capital has continued to be categorized as the single most important resource for any business or organisation. Human capital is responsible for setting goals and objectives as well as developing strategies to achieve the particular goals and objectives. In developing a distribution and marketing plan, the company needs to train marketing personnel on some of the various types of marketing and product promotion practices that are relevant in the changing market patterns. Besides training, the company needs to build and increase its capacity on setting and achieving distribution and marketing objectives. All staff involved in marketing should be made aware of various strategies that are used by rival companies when marketing their products. This way, it is possible to create different strategies that will establish the much-needed competitive advantage. In the wake of changing marketing patterns, many companies have become creating in development and marketing of their products. Advancement in technology has provided a better platform upon which companies can devise innovative ways of

Medieval Philosophy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medieval Philosophy - Assignment Example Hence, metaphysical forces, including heavenly bodies and evil spirits, constrain human desires and create hurdles on the way to getting involved in different activities out of their free will. Furthermore, since the blessings and bounties showered by God upon humans, bring joys in their life, so humans must seek His protection in order to escape misfortunes in life. However, God has also granted powers to the evil forces existing in the universe and has allowed them to hurt and harm the individuals through their trickery. These forces tempt humans to follow their desires without making the adequate judgment between right and wrong. Consequently, there seems to be a high probability of humans to become prey to the evil temptations by extending their wishes and desires to a great extent. As a result, natural forces inflict the humans with deprivations that constraint their free will and limit their actions and conducts for the future days to come on the basis of the foreknowledge the Providence maintains. Question 3 (Answer): Contemporary era theologian and philosopher, Nelson Pike, has critically examined the Boethius’ doctrine regarding omniscience and free will. Since Boethius has submitted his claim that it is omniscience that constrains human free will, no human action is free and independent one in its nature and scope. However, Pike refutes the very notion by declaring it false and against the very evidence altogether. Pike is of the view that since God is all-Knowing and all-Powerful, He has foreknowledge of each and every incident that would happen in the life of every human throughout his life. Pike supports his thesis with several illustrations and examples, in order to clarify his argument regarding the powers granted to humans by the Lord for performing their domestic and professional duties and obligations. If a person, Pike argues, is determined to do something either trivial or important, God certainly maintains foreknowledge of it. Howeve r, He has allowed humans to apply their free will, out of their personal choices, in order to perform their everyday activities without any hurdle or obstacle on the way. In other words, though every incident to be taken place in the world in the life of humans is in the knowledge of God, yet He does not restrict the humans from taking part in individual and collective activities of their choice by constraining each and every human action. On the contrary, He has gifted the humans with the powers to even negate His very existence, as atheist observe, though He has complete foreknowledge of it. If God starts imposing constraints on every human action, then there would neither be any space for the atheists and infidels nor could humans be able to make this world a region where crimes, offenses, sins, and law-breaking occur very frequently. Thus, Pike nullifies Boethius’s doctrine that God’s omniscience limits human actions in such a powerful manner that it destroys the c oncept of free will altogether. However, Boethius does not claim that every human action is barred by the natural regulatory authorities.

Development of TV Pilot Promotion

Development of TV Pilot Promotion Alexander Kjellstad Media Evaluation Pre-Production My task is to create a script of a pilot episode of a new television programme, and also create a double-page spread promoting this pilot. My script must follow the same technical aspects of those seen in professional ones, so for this I am going to use the BBC script template for a drama. First of all, after doing a large amount of research into genre, I have chosen the genre of ‘crime-drama’. For this, I will study other scripts that are already in existence. The scripts I will be looking into will only be ones of the crime-drama genres. Doing this research is going to extend my understanding of what is expected in my script. As my crime-drama is British, I will be studying scripts produced the UK. Some of these include the series ‘Prime Suspect’ and ‘Mid-Summer Murders’. I am going to read scripts from CSI New York (see figure 1) and True Detective to further increase my knowledge of narrative structures within this genre, even though this is not what I will be basing my script on. From my research I developed a list of the layout that is similar within each script: Title Subheadings Scene Action Character Names CUT TO, MIX TO, FADE TO etc. For my genre, I have chosen a crime-drama, this is the most suitable places to be to keep the tension alive, and it would have to be dark, murky places that would chill viewers. The scenes in my script usually take place at night. ‘Prime Suspect’ contains most scenes in the police office at night and also dark bars/ nightclubs etc. For ideas for settings in my script, I researched into other scripts already in existence and similar to my pilot. I ended up deciding in a big city, because there’s always a hidden enigma in a big city and also the idea that everyone has secrets, and that criminals have many places to hide in big cities. It seemed like a good setting for crime-drama, although it is a similar setting to many crime-dramas already in existence. I wanted my whole narrative to be based around ‘Barthes’ theory of narratives. This would suit my pilot perfectly because it’s all about enigmas and having the audience attracted to watch the show to find out the secrets of the characters, and what they contribute to the show. Within the programme ‘CSI New York’ there is many sub-stories in each episode. The show usually keeps the story of a murder and detectives trying to figure out who the culprit is, yet there is also a story just for the viewer to see, usually being the back story of different people who could be the ones who committed the murders. This gives a sense of edge over the detectives, leaving the viewer’s guessing and hinting towards who the murderer is. Bearing in mind, there are many characters who share similarities in the office in CSI. I want my pilot to be like this, with all the characters interlocked in some form, whether working together, married, friends, or even murder ers and their victims. This ended up in the idea that interweaving narratives, where characters have something in common to add to the storyline, and end up in the same situation together as the other characters. This idea for interweaving narratives seemed like a good idea for my pilot, as it would add more effect to the situation that’s happening, and build up the suspense more. True Detective is a very popular television programme in America. To keep the same effect and enigmas as this series has, whilst still keeping a hint of something new and refreshing for the audience to experience. To take a new turn where the audience can guess the culprit, and instead keep them guessing until it is revealed. I have watched a few of the first episodes of ‘True Detective’ (as referenced in figure 2). However, I didn’t want my pilot to be similar and repetitive like some shows in existence already, therefore I am going to use a similar setting, however give it a new story and characters that would appeal to this TV show. To create my characters I am going to use Propp’s Character Theory, this is where the narrative has seven particular roles for characters within it. These roles would be the antagonist, protagonist, the dispatcher, the helper, the donor, a princess and a false hero. In my pilot there aren’t enough characters to cover a ll of these, so I am just applying these roles to a few characters. My main source for creating my script and making it look professional was to use the BBC template (as shown in figure 3 on the right). However I found other sources that would be useful helping me word and lay-out my script. After looking online for other script templates and researching into crime-drama script templates, I have decided to use the BBC template as it is easy to use, and applies to any genre. The BBC template was my primary help as it showed me how to make it professional. At the start of the project, I had to decide whether to keep the perspective behind one main character, or use perspectives of many different characters that are in similar positions. After watching True Detective, I decided to keep a main perspective (my main character) and also have some other small perspectives for a few other characters. Evaluation For my double page spread, I wanted something that would attract an audience immediately as they see it so I decided on a large, centred image. The close-up in the centre of the pages that takes up nearly all the space was my main attraction, because it creates an illusion that there is a different person on each page. I wanted this effect so I centred the photo in the middle of the two pages so when it folded over it would be exactly at the fold. As for the text, I wanted only one small area of text, placed in the bottom left corner because this would leave room for the central image which I wanted to be my central focus. I looked online for more double page spreads for a crime series. The college provided a few page spreads which I liked the style of so I changed the colour scheme to what I thought would look good (yellow, red and black.) I used these because the connotations behind these include romance for red (for my interweaving narratives of the story of love), and also danger for red. For yellow, the connotations include police tape and warning signs etc. The colour scheme suited the crime drama due to the connotations the audiences would get of danger and crime scenes and mystery from the dark colours, red black etc. I used a close up shot on my double page spread because I thought it would be effective on the viewer, as they would like to figure out who the man on the cover is. The effect I wanted to have on the audience was to create mystery in the character. I also got the idea of the close up menacing face from the wolverine poster I found on Google images. I thought the close up would be effective as well as the face split half and half to show my two characters inside one person. Perhaps the readers would like to know why it is split, and read the text and find they interested in watching the show. The close up of characters on poster creates tension. In my project I used many pictures in my double page spread, because I had many pictures to choose from, so I decided to make a police-style pin board, however when I did this I had the problem of not having space for it, I didn’t know where to place this large image. My background was originally meant to be a crime scene (as you can see on the image on the right, figure 4), but the problem with this is that the pin board didn’t look like it was meant to be there, however I wanted to keep it because I spent a lot of time and effort on it. It included 3-5 of my images and I thought it would suite the theme. One of my main strengths to help me throughout the project was using the right images I had to create a professional-looking double page spread. I had many images to choose from when creating my double page spread and I thought this gave me an advantage, I had an option. But choosing from these I encountered many problems ranging from colour, size and layout. However I overcame these by trying different styles, whilst keeping to a similar trait to the page spread I was given. Doing this right, I felt like I satisfied the needs of the audience by getting the design and layout right. I encountered some weaknesses throughout my project also. One of these weaknesses was trying to decide where to put the pictures on my double page spread. Even with the help of the other double page spread I had a completely different genre, so it was hard to decide what pictures would look good, and catch the attention of my audience. After receiving feedback from other people on what would look good on my double page spread, I ended up deciding on a good centred picture. This was a close up of a man with two faces, a metaphor. Another weakness I encountered was my main picture on my double page spread was blurry around the edges, to mend this I used Photoshop to smudge, and did the best job I could to make the edges look fairly crisp. Overall, I believe that I created a fairly good-looking double page spread. I created the layout to look interesting and also hold meaning. These helped me structure my magazine. Whilst creating my double page spread I was wary of what I had to include, trying to make every detail spotless. I believe that overall, the narrative side of my double page spread fits in well with my ‘appearance’ of the double page spread.

Tom Sawyer Essay -- Essays Papers

Tom Sawyer Tom Sawyer, the mischievous, adventurous boy, always was looking for trouble to keep his life interesting. Tom, along with his friends, Huckleberry Finn and Joe Harper planned adventures to keep themselves busy. Tom, being the boy that always gets into trouble, was at the same time smart. He got out of his punishments, given by his Aunt Polly whom he lives with. His cousin Sid, whom he also lives with informed Aunt Polly with all of Tom’s mischief. Tom tried not only to get out of his punishments, but he tried to find ways to avoid school too. Tom’s own adventures always get him in more trouble than expected. While on his way to the graveyard to find a cure to warts, he and his friend witness a murder. Trying to keep what they have seen a secret, Tom suffers with n...

Essay on the Next Global Stage

[pic] SEMINAR CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT Essay on ?The Next Global Stage ? By Kenichi Ohmae 2005, Pearson Education, Inc, publishing as Wharton School Publishing, New Jersey. ATLANTIC INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY HONOLULU, HAWAI July 2007 Introduction In his book, The Next Global Stage, Challenges and Opportunities in our Borderless World, the author Kenichi Ohmae, one of the world’s leading business and corporate strategists, makes the key point that Globalization is a fact, here to stay and unstoppable.In addition, we are moving to the next global stage, led by the world elite of â€Å"internet-ians†, a kind of global tribe, and our leaders in a borderless world. Ohmae does not question at any moment the sustainability of the global world growth model, nor the principles that rule globalization, nor the human rights of different countries, nor any other values. He accepts that profit and the prosperity and even wealth are part of the capitalist global world .Those countries, re gions more so in his terminology, corporations or individuals that do not have the flexibility to adapt to the new reality will be wiped out by the economic and social forces emerging and leading globalization. The author explains in detail, the key drivers of the globalization, such as the â€Å"no theory† of the economy dynamics, the leverage of the fundamental platforms for success and growth, the English language of Microsoft PC operating systems, or the prevalence of global brands.He points out the new face technology is giving the world and examples of governments which put economic prosperity at the forefront of their agendas, independent of the political system, i. e. China, other non democratic countries and countries with a political system based on individual freedom. Ohmae focuses on the technical capacities and skills that the leaders of the new global world must have in order to succeed in it.It is a very interesting book that offers a vision of economic growth where the main objective is to attract the money in the form of investment, local or foreign, to those areas that make the shortlist of most interesting places to invest and create wealth. Ohmae describes the skills needed to prosper in it and the characteristics of efficiency and competitiveness that attract investors. His viewpoint is that of the capital, without considering the freedom or human rights issues in human social and economic growth. In this sense the book is controversial.It does not question Globalization and explains with very good arguments the roadmap to success in it. The preeminence of the capital over any other production factor or human development is assumed. Ohmae is one of the most famous strategists, business persons, and academics in business and management theories and practices. He admits that traditional economic theories do not work anymore and that the case study approach, based on learning from the past and traditionally followed in western universi ties lacks relevance to the future and is obsolete to analyze and learn about the new realities.He is a believer in innovation and leadership as a means to improve the skills of future business leaders (and political ones, independently of their ideology, paradoxically enough). I am going to analyze, develop and comment on the main ideas contained in this important book, recommendable to all those dealing in the development of economic, business and management theories and practices. Whether one is a practitioner or an academic, I think that many of the ideas are very relevant to our global world. If you want to succeed in it, this book contains many recipes for success.The question that I will be trying to answer throughout this paper is whether you can skip the question of the model of economic growth in a sustainable way for the planet. And therefore for humanity . I will add my ideas to the analysis in the conclusions. I will start my analysis of the book by discussing the key i deas. Part 1: The Stage The world as a stage World wide music tours are a symbol of globalization . The author uses â€Å"Riverdance†, the Irish musical with its Celtic music and Irish dancing, as a metaphor for the global economy.It is originated and performed by participants of different nationalities and is enjoyed in many countries or ‘stages’. It is an encapsulated example of players in the global stage. The global economy is invisible, but its effects are evident throughout the world. We are players on the global stage and we all feel its effects, no matter where they take place. Ohmae says that China is the country that is benefiting the most from global economy, especially those regions like Dalian, that have an approach of being attractive with incentives to attract direct foreign Investment or DFI .China cannot be seen as a unity but as a group of regions with different approaches and levels of political and economic independence. In reality, those regi ons are competing with one another for investment and resources, not from China, but from the outside world. Ohmae explains the examples of two countries that have embraced globalization, such as Ireland and Finland. The first by attracting DFI and the second one by embracing the internationalization as the natural situation, plus the innovation and knowledge based economies that both countries promote.They have taken the whole world as their natural market, and they have not been economically nationalistic. What is the Global Economy? x Borderless Tariffs are disappearing, but borders still exit for people and goods for the sake of security and safety. But in terms of the key factors of business life, the world has become borderless. These business factors are designated as the four C’s : communications, capital, corporations and consumers. -Effective communications, with the development of internet in the mid-1990s onwards the world is getting truly borderless. The second C , capital, aided by the deregulation of financial markets, is also a beneficiary of a borderless world with the US dollar the monetary platform of the globalization so far. -The third C, corporations, have been successfully responding to the globalization by locating their functions in different countries, that is to say, for example, R&D in Switzerland, Engineering in India, Financing in London, etc. -And the last C, consumers, enabled by the internet to compare prices and products and making much more informed choices.And also the products are made in different countries, e. x. its fabric in one country, its assembling process in another and its design in a third one. . Invisible Transactions and settlements of money now take place mostly on and through computers. Plus the B2B trade exchanges, or as C2C auctions. Most ATMs around the world give money in the local currency with foreign credit cards. There is no way that governments can know what you have withdrawn and spent abroad or how much you have spent with a credit card to purchase goods and services across national borders. Cyber connected The global economy would not be possible without the cyber technology allowing large amounts of data to be transferred incredibly quickly. The internet is only the most public part of it. Voice over IP (Internet Protocol) is rapidly facilitating and making cheaper the communications. Everything and everybody with access to the internet can connect. . Measured in multiples â€Å"Money makes the world go round†. Money is the main and almost single value in the global economy.Shareholders demand to take advantage of business opportunities with expectations of profit. Ohmae states that the current globalization process is in its infancy and more changes, many of them permanent, will go on to benefit the world. Globalization is an opportunity to create more wealth and prosperity, as long as one has the recipes or skills necessary to succeed in it. His view contrast s starkly with the negative opinions of these same features expressed by other ecology-oriented authors and economists.In my opinion, we have to be positive and within the global stage and develop the skills that represent an evolution ofhumanity towards a better stage,provided that using those characteristics to create economic incentives are based on the maintenance and regeneration of the sustainability of the planet. In other words, I think that adding new â€Å"values in the market† economy can direct or redirect development towards those sustainability values, such as protection of human rights, freedom, democracy and protection of the environment.In my judgement, that is where some of the defenders of a collectivist approach to development are wrong. The human individual thrives in a free global stage that protects and promotes the right values with a regulatory framework based upon freedom and democracy, so the planet can increase its wealth and reach all the corners of it. Opening Night: Globalization started with the most important Earth-changing event . The opening night of capitalism spins around the information and telecoms revolution, with Bill Gates as the epitome of this new era.The fall of Soviet communism was due to the opening of Russia (The Soviet Union) thanks to Gorbachev and his reforms with the â€Å"glasnost† (transparency). This was another key change towards a borderless globalized world. The dollar as the world currency after the agreement of the G5 in New York, and the flexibilization of currency exchange rate. The Fiscal revolution to combat Budget deficit in the 80’s in the USA was another key factor for the fiscal revolution in public finance management.Both helped the globalization process at the beginning of the 90’s. The Microsoft eruption and accessible information technology and software have become a commonplace communication tool in today’s world and is the key technological factor for t he new global stage. The coming of China into the world economy, with their reforms accepting efficiency and prosperity and private property with the famous, †one country, two systems†, claimed by the Communist Party leader Deng Xiaoping, and the continued by Zhu Ronji, was not short of a revolution.China now exhibits capitalism in its rawest form. And finally, the internet at the beginning of the 90’s and the development of the world wide web with its common hypertext language allow millions to communicate and has changed profoundly our way of living and working. These are facts and Ohmae is right when he says that they are here to stay and that the global stage is spreading more and more, not confined to an elite, but affecting an ever growing part of the world population.Turning our backs to them would not be rational, these situations give more freedom to people, companies and politicians all over the world and should not limit Freedom, which is the most impor tant human value, but enable societies to protect the weak and provide equal opportunities for people to make their own choices. Each of us knows better how to make decision for ourselves. Certainly better than governments. The idea is that Politicians set up frameworks, where fair values, not only profit rule, and allow the arket, with its limitations watched upon to bring prosperity and redistribute wealth with human criteria for the general benefit of all individuals. I do not believe in limitations on freedom, be it political, social or economic freedom. Countries with no democracy cannot claim that everything goes at the expense of prosperity. In other words, the Singapore model vs the Chinese model or the western model. For me prosperity does not justify political or human right limitations. The end of Economics The Global economy is not a theory, it is a reality.Not even economists understand how it works. The old masters theories and the well known parameters do not work any more. Economic theories are used to explain causalities, especially within a country . The problem is that national economies do not exist anymore. There is no model to explain the global economy as such, because we are dealing with many parameters and variables, and so many units of economy, so many new financial products, bonds, hedge funds, and so many derivatives and multiples, that make it almost impossible to establish a mathematical economic model.The theory of complexity is more suitable to approach this new 21st century economy, fundamentally different from the 20th century one. Part of the paradox that surrounds economic theory is that it is often divorced from the world in which it has been developed. The Author cites several classic economic theories from old masters such as Adam Smith, David Ricardo, or Keynes that explain the reality around them. However, the global economy of today needs new thinking to tackle its realities.The technological revolution has transformed geopolitics, including turning obsolete the nation-states. Economic environments are constantly changing and are difficult to encapsulate. The liquidity of money, says the author, is another feature of the global economy. There is a constant flow, no absorption anywhere; absorption would cause inflation. Traditional economic theory cannotexplain this either. Technology and deregulation have liberated money from national economies. Money flows to areas of highest return, no matter where that is.Money has not patriotism. There is an over liquidity. Deflation’s antidote was inflation according to the theories of some famous economists (Paul Krugman) but the Japanese example contradicts the theory. Consumers know better than economists what is good for them and what to do with their money. Another aspect of monetary policy that the advent of the global economy has altered is the position of interest rates. More and more individuals save, for instance in a â€Å"portfolioâ€℠¢ of assets in the global world in the world stocks exchanges and the different currencies.The theory of complexity was developed because the traditional linear theories could explain less and less the complexity of the world, the relationships, the behaviors, the expectations of individuals, corporations and governments. There more and more thinkers, academics and business people who, like Kenichi Ohmae, see a parallel between the global economy and the world of complexity. Predictability, or more so the lack of it, is one. A small change in one variable can have a huge and inexplicable impact elsewhere. Traditional theories tended to think that equilibrium was the natural state of economic systems.Nobody is completely sure of how the very recently developed global economy works. The old economic paradigms that supported the classical theories have been broken, but despite that many countries, or governments find difficult changing habits, the old interventionism, or â€Å"touchin g a key† to obtain a result is still in place, but with sometimes opposite results to those expected. Those who do not understand the new economic paradigms are liable to become the victim of someone else who does. In the developed world the economic policy should focus on asset appreciation, which has much bigger impact than increasing the flow of income.China, the author says, in one of them. So, in summary, some the characteristics of the new economic paradigm of the global world according to the author, are: . For the first time in human history, prosperity and riches do not depend on existing wealth. In the global economy, there is no need for mineral resources or colonies, or any other â€Å"traditional† resources. A country or a region can attract foreign investment to create prosperity . The world has an excess of capital. There is plenty of money always looking for places to invest. A regions has to show worthy of consideration.Regions know that they are in a b uyer’s market and that they have to compete for investment. Investment means prosperity. . Size no longer matters. The need of an internal substantial market is not necessary anymore. International success is accessible to countries with small populations, i. e. Nokia in Finland, Ireland, etc. I agree fully with the book’s ideas about the end of the old economic theories. The complexity of the borderless world, where individuals, corporations and governments try to maximize their return on investment is the reality of today.The global economy still has to produce its theorist, with the permanent state of flux and metamorphosis as a defining characteristic. We see how the global economy emerges in front of us, but it is difficult to grasp. Those who understand it and use new thinking, succeed. Innovation and productivity for competitiveness are the real drivers. Part 2: Stage Directions. Playmakers For the author, the geographical and economic unit of the global economy is the region. Not so much the nation-state which, despite its political importance, cannot be viewed as an economic unit within the global economy.That is why political economy studied in classic economic theory is obsolete. The nation-state had its own currency and its natural territory and economic boundaries. With the global borderless economy, that notion is overcome. This idea is relatively new and revolutionary, and not ‘politically correct’ for some as it suggests governments should have a subsidiary role in the regulations of economic transactions. There is a group of economists and thinkers closer to the political â€Å"left† that oppose to this notion.In their opinion there should be more regulations to protect the nation-state citizens from the global economy, capitalists and multinationals. Indeed they argue there should be less international trade and more national barriers and clearly defined borders to protect the life style of the citizens withi n and that the market and the capital not only have profit as the only value, but others such as the environment and sustainable growth, influencing the market forces to adapt to a more â€Å"human† global, but local economies.This is a central confrontation in terms of vision of the global world and the political consequences. It will be a central debate for the sustainability of the world and its social, political and economic consequences. In his explanation of the rise of the regions, versus the nation-state, the author mentions several examples, like Singapore, Ireland, the Tokio region, Dalian and Guangzhou in China. Some of these regions are component parts of old nation-states; others spill over existing borders.Ohmae says that globalization is a liberalization of individuals, consumers, corporations and regions from the legacy of the nation-state in which they belong. Eventually the information available to each of them will give them the wisdom of choice, r. e. Part 1: The Stage Whether a consumer buys the best and cheapest from anywhere in the world is also their choice and not the decision of the government. Likewise corporations will shift eventually to the best host regions. Ultimately is a competitive world and one that will discipline all members of the global village, because wealth will migrate national borders. Platforms for ProgressThese are the developments that have promoted human progress; what the author calls the platforms for progress; that is to say means of allowing companies or individuals to communicate with each other to get things done more quickly and efficiently by enhancing communication and delivery, and creating the common standards accepted by the players. Technology platforms: These include operating systems, (Microsoft), personal and corporate computers, the HTML programming platform for writing web pages (Java), the internet, the World Wide Web and its applications like online transactions, shopping in the cybers pace, etc.The Voice over Internet Protocol (IP) and the versatility and affordability of telecommunications. Language: The English language is the linguistic platform of the global world. Many critics see it as symptomatic of US dominance and cultural imperialism. Attempts to impose other languages, like Russian in the old Soviet block of communist countries have failed totally. English language is spreading all over Asia where it is synonymous of business success. Being bilingual in your own mother tongue and English will become the norm, not a special skill.The US Dollar: The reason is historical and practical and dates from the end of WWII (mid 40’s). Many countries trade in the US dollar, e. x. North and South America, Australia, oil producing nations and Asian countries such as China and Japan. This puts the US in a privileged position, although, the recent trend in the importance of other currencies is balancing the situation versus the dollar and creating a group of gl obal currencies, such as the Euro, the Yen and the Chinese Renminbi. Other Platforms: These include ‘Branding’ in the global economy.The majority are American, but more brands from other regions of the world are becoming global. Global business culture; the global jargon of business is understood across borders. The ATM platform; this allows cash to be dispensed from locations far away from your locality. The credit card and smart cards platform. GPs platform, and other platforms are becoming available to a large number of users in a global world and those doing business need to understand this. Out and About Another issue shaping the global stage is the business process outsourcing (BPO).This means business optimization and refers to the relocation of sources and resources. Again it is the the Telecommunications revolution which drives BPO. An immediate benefit has been the reduction in costs. However, BPO is one of the most controversial aspects of global economy, see n by some as a capitalist exploitation of the poor, a new way of making money at the expense of poor countries, creating new global economy â€Å"slaves†. India (also Ireland) has benefited the most from BPO (again the English platform).The author defends this new form of globalization arguing that it facilitates the distribution and spread of wealth in a more effectively and efficiently than development aid. The money goes directly to individuals rather than potentially corrupt government agencies. The increased prosperity in India and Ireland is undeniable (other examples include China and the Philippines). Ohmae defends BPD as a source of wealth for poorer countries and criticizes those myths and half truths about the â€Å"sweat workshop† cliches, claiming these stem from western fear and insecurity about the loss of white collar jobs.The view from those countries is radically opposite. Cross-border BPO, is yet another example of the borderless world. Many clerical jobs have been replaced by computers and companies outsource more and more functions in search of cost reductions and competitiveness. It is natural that some of the better and cheaper operators should be found across national borders. Some politicians and intellectuals have a different point of view. In my opinion, BPO, like everything else in life has a right and wrong approach to it. If the conditions for fairness and other values other than just profit are introduced, the advantages outweigh the isadvantages. A global effort is needed by international political institutions to guarantee that exploitation by multinationals is not allowed. I believe in market forces over governmental control. In other words, if market rules penalize companies that do not comply with international norms of fair work then they will have the incentive to change. More so than a compliance with national regulations open, in some cases, to corruption, lack of transparency and consequently disregard for human rights. Breaking the chains The internet and the portal are becoming more and more important in the global stage.The search engine is the best â€Å"travel† guide and helpmate for internet users as they move through billions of pages in the cyber jungle. This is creating the emergence of â€Å"cyberites† or â€Å"netians†. This group of internet users has a tendency to follow behavior patters that Ohmae classifies in theorems. . Theorem 1; internet users for five years or more tend to think, act and behave similarly. They want to buy the best and cheapest from anywhere in the world. They are confident that they can live well under the liberated regime of a truly global environment. Theorem 2; (Age-10/10) is the number of years to become a real cyberite according to the non-scientific observation of the author. It takes longer to unlearn accumulated 20th century assumptions and myths depending on your exposure. The younger generations have less difficulty in learning the rules and games of the cyberworld. . Theorem 3; Cyberite as proactive consumers. People are passive when watching TV. They want to be entertained. By typing the names in a search engine cyberites are more likely to discover or buy something.The payment systems are a fundamental part for the development of internet. In fact, security is one of the issues that prevent people from buying and trading in the World Wide Web. Improvement of the security will increase the number of cyber transactions. More companies are introducing security and convenience to internet payment systems. The final part of the net revolution is logistics, or the physical distributions of goods. The new technologies have created many new business models, from the case of Dell, to Amazon, Zara and others.Parcel delivery companies have grasped the opportunity to become global logistics business partners with the outsourcing of that important function in the global world to many companies. Time and distance are barriers. This ‘barrierless’ global world is a psychological shift that shapes our understanding the global economy and its benefits. We consume items from any cornerofplanet,becausetheyareavailabletousasglobalconsumers. Part 3: The Script Reinventing Government Governments are losing their power in this global world. Some do better than others, and decentralization is happening within their countries.Nevertheless, strong central control is something of the past, Ohmae argues. Today’s intellectual battle is between the old and the new. Governments are wealth distributors, not wealth facilitators. They create wealth only through taxation. That is the way many people experience governmental intervention. The best taxation is the simple one explained in the book and also the fact that money raised from taxation should be invested in the places it is raised. As distributors of wealth, governments have gone the way of developing welfare states and welfare economies.They protect national industries, even if they are inefficient and weak globally, at the expense of the taxpayer. The distributive state is when distributed wealth is spread evenly and fairly throughout the country. Governments of the future must seek to facilitate rather than frustrate. The public service of any country must be prepared to work more on short term projects with identifiable goals as is the practice in the majority of European countries, rather than enter into a permanent employment regime. A pragmatic approach is necessary. A Vision for ChangeGovernments need to have a vision for the future, not only one developed by politicians, but by all social agents, which identifies national strategy and policies in an open and transparent way and reach all layers of society. It must not be just a mere collection or words and aspirations, but identify clear, practical and obtainable goals. Democracy should be used to reach majority consensus. Naturally coming with t his vision is not easy. First because of the political fractions in a country, then because we now live in a borderless world and can no longer put national interests first.And finally because we live in a cyberspace and are bound to the TIC (Telecommunications and Information technologies) . Mapping the future These are the fundamentals to develop a viable vision for a country: . It must empower individuals .It must invite capital from the rest of the world .It must maintain an even keel Government vision. These are things Governments can do: . Be ambassadors for new technology .Diminish the hindrances for capital flow .Eliminate obstacles for companies to attract the best people, skilled workers or managers .Minimize bureaucracy .Specialize the country around a competitive advantage A truly visionary government is dedicated to education. A highly educated work force is necessary to add intellectual value to the country or region. Workers in all areas should be educated in being ve rsatile and open-minded. Possession of disciplined thought processes and the ability to approach problem-solving are always the areas one can build upon and apply in many different areas. To this end, further education or skill acquisition should be made easy.The internet and broadband technology make attending and participating in learning from remote locations possible. A new Role for the Government Governments have been involved in providing education, but their role should change to being a member of a team and open up to the private sector involvement. Education and the school system represent one of the best ways in which governments can teach the citizens of the future about changing roles. But world reality is not very encouraging. Many governments, on the contrary, want to set up barriers to protect their national economies.There are examples of countries and/or regions with different characteristics, that are successful in the government involvement and the understanding o f the global economy. Some regions of China, Scandinavian countries, Ireland or Singapore are among them. In each there is tradition of interventionist government action, especially in the economic sphere. In different ways they have given more, by doing less, often providing only the initial impulse and vision and the right background conditions, but thereafter sitting on the sidelines. The Futures MarketGovernments must change, but the global stage, change is both necessary and inevitable at three fundamental levels: . Technological- Technological progress has the capacity to reshape countries . Personal- Individuals must become more proactive and more adaptable . Organizational- The emergent corporation will be homeless. It will be adaptive, focused on innovation and unencumbered by needless hierarchy or the psychological baggage of the past The technological Future Technological progress means that industrial death is increasingly a fact of business life.The rise and fall of com mercial enterprises is part of the landscape. Each technological wave usually has its victims, those who were unable to change in time. Time has been compressed. The history of the digital camera is just an example of this. Big companies like Kodak and Fuji are facing restructuring. Or the music and cinema industries with the emergence of the internet and the digital technologies. Something similar can be said about telephony, with the rise of VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) and its impact on Telecoms. The personal futureNo matter where they are, individuals will have to learn to adapt. A job career for life is a concept to be discarded. Another change will be the accepted norm that life always gets better and that workers, no matter their education level, can look forward to an incrementally improving lifestyle, leading to a post-retirement soft-landing, in which almost all their needs are provided for. People will have to learn to be lifestyle mangers. Flexibility will be cent ral to success. Success in the global economy will also depend on good leadership. This is true with regard to a region-state, or a company.Good leaders need vision but must remain pragmatists. Leaders must value information and innovation. One of the most important assets that a leader can possess is a flexible attitude to his/her role. He/She must be intuitive and able to change. The Corporate Future Uncertainty is another feature of the global economy. Paradoxically this provides opportunities for those brave and adept enough to adapt. The global economy is new. The rulebook remains unwritten. Nobody knows what will work. The best way forward is to try anyway and to learn from your mistakes, then try again.The author dismisses the case study method followed by universities, arguing business needs to be done in new ways. Notions from the past cannot be applied to the future. Companies need to commit to the global economy wholeheartedly, unless they want to be absorbed by others. C ompanies will be homeless. The traditional link to a nation-state will disappear, the relationships will be different, because their business will be widespread. The notion of headquarters is giving way to the reality that the market is open 24/365, the market never sleeps.The natural state of the homo economicus is movement. Innovation is another feature of global economy. And whatever innovation system a company may establish, the innovation of new, better, more efficient, cheaper, more convenient products and services will be permanent; Business systems, products and services, customer relationships and internal staff relationships, will become four key areas for innovations. Companies also need to learn to adapt their identities and shift their business models to adapt to market changes. More and more corporations will have to be like living creatures.The traditional military-like organization that companies have today, based on hierarchy will also have to be adapted. The old py ramid will not survive. The control focus organization will evolve to other forms of flexible, innovation-focused organizations. The next Stage The Region as the unit of the global economy will continue to rise. There are many examples, from Vancouver, to Sao Paulo, Estonia, Ho Chi Ming City or the Baltic Corner, that have been the chance to put together some of the right features to succeed in the global economy. The formula for success is not too complicated.What is complex is the need to unlearn the legacies of the nation-state and acquire new skills to work with global businesses. These regions now compete to attract investors to create wealth, and to this end are marketing themselves as brands to make potential target group investors aware oftheir competitive advantages. Conclusions Ohmae’s definition of the Globalization is described as one global stage where players act in an ever changing plot, brought about by the information technology and telecoms revolution which defies physical and political barriers.A network of powerful machines create, analyze and synthesize information in milliseconds. The information within them is easily and instantly available. The traditional nation-state is an obstacle in many instances to the functioning of this global network. All regions, not nations, of the world, fight and compete with each other to attract money and investment to create wealth in their territory. Traditional economic thinking is obsolete to explain such globalization. Knowledge and education are more important thantangible natural resources, locations or previous sources of wealth.Governments, businesses and individuals can only prosper through flexibility and pragmatism. The world is going through a globalization process , that is both inevitable as part of the natural human evolution and unstoppable ,because of the incentives that produces . The Global economy is a reality not a theory. Globalization is in reality unknown even for those who succeed in it. The features of the global economy are : borderless, invisible, cyber connected, and measured in multiples ,where profit or money is the single most important value.The complexity of the global economy is such that no existing theories can explain it There are many variables that change constantly and create unexpected effects, and the theories and mathematic model that explain complexity can’t be proved empirically. Ohmae does not defend the suppression of the state, but with what I consider good judgment, thinks governments should not try to do things for business, but should allow business to do things for itself.However, he does not emphasize the fact that governments should create the political framework that guarantee the human rights, freedom, and education for people to be able to be competitive in a fair world with a consensus on the big questions of life, including democracy, sustainable growth and basic moral and/or human values in the performance o f the companies. It would be as though the free Market can increase the value of those companies that comply with those â€Å"general framework conditions†, and not only profit determines the value and/or performance of corporations.This may sound like â€Å"wishful thinking†, but I believe the market can better guarantee the sustainability, efficiency, freedom and prosperity of humanity than government. The difficulty, of course, is how to reach that â€Å"general political framework†. World leaders need to search for it and, in my opinion, this will be the single most important issue for world sustainability and prosperity. It has to be the next big revolution. The Humane Political Revolution.

The Socioeconomic Structure of Europe

The Socioeconomic Structure of Europe Eric Hobsbawm, a British historian, categorizes the historians of the late nineteenth century into two groups. He is firm in his categorization to an extent that other historians refer to him as the leading light in a group of historians. There are those he says stick to their ideas.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Socioeconomic Structure of Europe specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Of course, the debate is on what foundation the modern states were build. Another issue relates to states adopting either communistic or capitalistic ideologies. One group avers that politics forms the key to truths and myths that are to be uncovered and stated. One group is revolutionary and the other is reactionary. The latter is the one that looks backward with nostalgia while the former looks forward for explanations of the present and the future. Hobsbawm belongs to the revolutionary group. It should be noted that he is a staunch c rusader of the Marxist ideas. He even served in the world war, but claimed to have done nothing of importance. In fact, he regrets taking part in it. He is pro Stalin and Russian communist ideologies, though he represented Britain in the war. He believes in socialism and as much as it failed, he died holding onto the same. In his articles, he is wittily selective in his statistics. He mainly focuses on people with whom he shared opinions. In criticizing capitalism for example, he ponders why there is economic expansion that leads to massive unemployment. The expansions resulted from the technological innovations. This is very ironical from an economist’s perspective. With every available opportunity, he praised leaders with communist ideas, including O’Connell. He commends artists of the time who were fully committed to revolutionary politics. Though temporary, he gave them much coverage. At the same time, he avoided mentioning the reactionary artists. Any other radica l reformers who criticized socialism were on his receiving end. Eric Hobsbawm clearly illustrates that the socioeconomic structure of Europe was very different in both halves of the nineteenth century. The two halves followed two different paths, but shared one common factor. They were both developed through capitalism and were centered on bourgeois liberalism. These processes were influenced by what he refers to as dual revolution. This is the French revolution and the British industrial revolution. Britain took the first step towards industrialization. This was directed by its political system that leaned towards individuals profiting from an expanded economy. Britain had moved from peasant agrarianism where among other structures land was jointly cultivated. This implies that commercial agriculture was practiced. The growth of industries pushed the economy to transcend into capitalism late in the century, which was around 1799.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let 's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The technological advancement played a great role in this transformation. As much as this economic transition led to increased profitability among investors, it did not do any good to employees. The labor market was still oppressed with excessive working conditions and too much overworking. Overtime was not duly accounted for in terms of rewards. In short, the labor force was not paid adequately. This would later lead to the rise of activism. In France, the French revolution, according to Hobsbawm, was a struggle among and the peasants, aristocrats and the middle class. The development of the revolution in different stages was a manifestation of a struggle between liberalism and socialism. The attempt by the aristocrats to recapture the state quickly degenerated into the urge to create a socialist economic state. He underlines that Napoleon had instituted measures and structures that led to the b ourgeois taking control, with its concomitants taking and giving loans. This type of an economy had the characteristics resembling those of a modern economy. To him, the bourgeois liberalism prevailed. Its success developed along with elements of subversion. Dual revolution modeled middle class liberals and created a few successful bourgeois. The radical ideas within states and societies created masterminded their collapse. Eric Hobsbawm looked at the political developments in Europe between 1870 and 1914, as politically opposite times. He observes that the hope that had already been achieved turned into trepidation. A period of unchallenged peace, dangerously giving way and the full rise of civil activism emerged. As this period progressed, fear griped the bourgeois. The increased actions of labor movements that rejected capitalism and the effects of the rising middle class resulted to a crisis. The competing interests among members of the social class did not serve any good. This was because there was still too much force to be dealt with outside the state. The first political class was built on very small bodies that were generally weak. Europe was also on the verge of dominating the world, though without confidence. The individual states had hidden competing interests. At the very end in 1914, the revolutionary political terrorists went on to start the First World War. Before the First World War, peace in Europe prevailed because of the balance of power. Each state had accumulated enough weapons in readiness for a large-scale war. This means that states were assured of mutual destruction.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Socioeconomic Structure of Europe specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More